Example sentences of "it has be shown [prep] " in BNC.
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| 1 | It has been shown above that , on the basis of the careers of a number of Muftis in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries , one might tentatively conclude that by that time it was as a practical matter desirable , if not absolutely necessary , to have taught on at least two levels of medreses beyond the Sahn in order to have a chance to attain the highest office in the learned profession . |
| 2 | It was one of the truly marvellous innings , one that no one who saw it could ever forget ; since it has been shown on television virtually every time rain has stopped play in any match since , it would be almost impossible to have forgotten it anyway . |
| 3 | It has been shown for the murine NF-L gene , that 1.5kb of the sequence upstream of the transcriptional start site is sufficient to yield brain-specific expression of the homologous gene ( 29 ) as well as heterologous genes ( 30 ) in transgenic mice . |
| 4 | Cannabis Teenagers often insist that cannabis is harmless , but it has been shown to be a high risk for certain users . |
| 5 | It has been shown to be virtually impossible to give reliability figures for software when the reliability requirements are less than 1 error in 10 4 . |
| 6 | It has been shown to be the most abundant neuropeptide in the central nervous system and is also widely distributed throughout the peripheral nervous system . |
| 7 | of Distillers MG explains how it has been shown to be more cost-effective compared to the use of dry ice slices . |
| 8 | In subclinical infections , it has been shown under both experimental an natural conditions that O. circumcincta causes a marked depression in appetite and this , together with losses of plasma protein into the gastro-intestinal tract , results in interference with the post-absorptive metabolism of protein and to a lesser extent the utilisation of metabolisable energy . |
| 9 | This matter of cellulose breakdown is of vital importance to the whole question of the nutrition of the living cells , for it has been shown by experiment that raw cellulose can be injurious to plants as it is indigestible to animals , and in both the soil and the digestive tract of herbivora , cellulose decomposition is largely performed by fungi . |
| 10 | In fact , it has been shown by Nutku ( 1981 ) that the discontinuities in the derivatives of f and g on the boundaries of region IV indicate the presence of an infinite discontinuity in the Ricci tensor on these hypersurfaces . |
| 11 | It has been shown by Clarke and Hayward ( 1989 ) that region IV is part of a space-time that is regular apart from two covering-space singularities that occur when . |
| 12 | It has been shown by electron microscopy that , even in the presence of excess enzyme , when one endonuclease molecule binds and translocates pBR322 DNA there is no evidence of a second endonuclease molecule binding to the same DNA [ 10 ] . |
| 13 | Unfortunately these are often difficult to calculate accurately , although it has been shown by Tung that the error introduced by broadening is negligible if for the sample . |
| 14 | In this study it has been shown by two independent methods that histamine increases the in vitro proliferation of the two gastric tumour cells ; MKN45 and MKN45G but not the two colorectal lines ; C170 and LoVo . |
| 15 | It has been shown in some animal species that there are nerves running from the eyes to the SCN . |
| 16 | It has been shown in Chapter 4 that this relationship is not always a comfortable one . |
| 17 | However , if the nurse takes the time to give information to the patient , it has been shown in various studies to be beneficial ( Hayward , 1975 ; Wilson-Barnett , 1978 ; Boore , 1979 ; Bond , 1982 ) . |
| 18 | Further , by comparing the size of the mushroom bodies to the brain as a whole it has been shown in the Hymenoptera that the sawflies come lowest in the scale and the social Hymenoptera highest , while the solitary bees occupy an intermediate position ( Hanstrom , 1926 ; Pandazis , 1930 ; Gejvall , 1936 ; Goossen , 1949 ; and earlier workers ; cf. also Zuberi , 2963 , on termites ) . |
| 19 | It is easier than intravenous heparin to give and it has been shown in randomised studies from McMaster University in Canada that it is as effective . |
| 20 | In chapter 3 , we noticed that lexical alternants ( of the pull type ) are highly salient in the community , and it has been shown in various studies ( such as J. Milroy , 1981 ) that these alternants encode values of greater and lesser solidarity . |
| 21 | It has been shown in the experimental literature on the prisoners ' dilemma game that the strategy of ‘ tit for tat ’ is a very effective and frequently chosen way of sustaining co-operation even though it is far simpler than Abreu 's strategies ( and neither subgame perfect nor renegotiation-proof ) . |
| 22 | For example , it has been shown in certain studies that providing health care to some more isolated rural populations is more expensive than in less sparsely populated areas . |
| 23 | Now that it has been shown in Liverpool that there are powers to confiscate offending equipment — as there always have been in Scotland — may I ask my hon. Friend to draw those powers to the attention of local authorities — and , through the Home Office , the police — so that the public may be protected from this menace ? |
| 24 | Secondly , it has been shown in animals that infusion of glucose supresses vagal nerve activity . |
| 25 | It has been shown in man that gastrin-17 augments pancreatic enzyme secretion at doses that are below the maximum for gastric acid secretion . |
| 26 | Furthermore , it has been shown in several of these cell lines that this TGF α does not have to leave the cell to actively bind to transmembrane fragments of the EGF receptor and stimulate the cell . |
| 27 | As it has been shown in the present study , the normal squamous columnar junction does not correspond to the distal end of the lower oesophageal sphincter , and it is located in the midportion of this sphincter , at a mean distance of 17 mm from its distal end measured by manometry . |
| 28 | Since it has been shown in rats that decreased somatostatin concentrations in the antral mucosa may be involved in the development of hypergastrinaemia during potent acid inhibition , we have studied whether administration of the long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201–995 ( Sandostatin , octreotide ) can prevent omeprazole induced hypergastrinaemia in man . |
| 29 | It is interesting to note that among the fruits taken by birds in southern Europe , it has been shown in the case of Smilax aspera ( Liliaceae ) , there is selection in favour of greater pulp : seed ratio ( with a loss in seed numbers ) in those conditions of high competition for dispersers , which , faced with an apparent glut , select the most nutritionally valuable . |
| 30 | It has been shown in a voluntary compliance with basic political laws . |