Example sentences of "as opposed to [adj] " in BNC.

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1 The term formative assessment refers to assessment which looks forward to pupils ' future learning , as opposed to summative assessment which looks back at what pupils have already achieved .
2 The degree to which ‘ internal ’ factors — as opposed to external pressures — lead to the emergence of a separate nationality obviously varies in emphasis between cases , and the first were possibly of greater significance in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the emergence of the first national groups in Europe .
3 Peregrines were investigated less intensively than kestrels because of their known preference for birds as opposed to mammalian prey .
4 The argument runs on to suggest that movements within distributions are significant ( e.g. Gallaway 1966 ) and that any mechanism , like progressive as opposed to proportional taxation , that impedes the process needs to be considered in this light .
5 The Institute of Directors has published proposals for pollution control which favour voluntary action by business , as opposed to compulsory regulations imposed by the government or the EC .
6 Side by side with the increasing popularity of monetary theories of the cycle , the late 1970s witnessed the emergence of alternative theories of the business cycle which , though firmly rooted in new classical macroeconomics , attributed the causes of the business cycle to real as opposed to monetary phenomena .
7 At one point , the protestants who are involved in violence are rough as opposed to religious , especially if they drink and smoke and do not follow the norms of thrift .
8 The classification exercise provides another arena for the conflicting points of view as to the relative importance of good people as opposed to good systems .
9 In all the Partnerships , more than half the expenditure went on capital as opposed to current spending and , in some areas such as Manchester — Salford , the capital-expenditure figure was much higher .
10 Capital as opposed to current expenditures also raises difficulties because , although the opportunity cost of investment goods is felt now , the benefits will typically arise in the future .
11 The need for general , as opposed to financial guidance was the next most commonly cited request for support ( 34% ) .
12 KEF have long wanted to achieve the ideal of generating the entire musical spectrum from a single point in space ( two points for stereo of course ) , but unlike Tannoy who have gradually approached this goal over many years through continual refinements to their famous ‘ Dualconcentric ’ technique ( in which a more or less conventional tweeter is mounted behind the magnet assembly of the midrange driver , its output funnelled through a special wave-guide to join the midrange output at the neck of its cone ) KEF held back until modern magnetic materials became available ( specifically neodymium-iron-boron , which has around ten times the energy product of conventional ferrite ) which would permit a small magnet assembly to be located actually at the neck of a midrange cone — hence their nomenclature of coincident , as opposed to concentric .
13 The absence of the suffix indicates that the person concerned is alive , in much the same way as the absence of a plural suffix such as -s in English indicates a choice of singular as opposed to plural reference .
14 Out of the total , basic ( as opposed to applied ) research would get $6600 million , a 10 per cent increase .
15 Such experiences as love , hate , anger , sympathy , guilt , joy , sorrow and so on are considered to be abstract things as opposed to concrete objects like stones , trees or physical bodies .
16 Pot D showed a much lower increase than E and C as measured , but this was not noticed ( N.B. noticed , as opposed to noticeable ) by eye .
17 Shortly before Russian President Yeltsin 's visit to Germany in November [ see p. 38590 ] , the Russian Justice Minister Nikolay Feodorov had announced that Honecker 's case was now under Russian as opposed to Soviet jurisdiction .
18 Ad hoc lifestyle studies ( as opposed to TGI -based approaches ) can not always be related , without further major research , to established data about media .
19 Being ‘ moralized ’ ( as opposed to demoralized ) is a necessary condition for being ingenious , committed and enthusiastic .
20 Special attention will also be focused on the extent to which development took place on land previously in rural uses as opposed to re-cycled urban land and the role of national and local planning policy in steering development to particular locations .
21 Partly as a result of the methodology chosen , a subsidiary aim was to examine the links between expenditure on durable as opposed to non-durable goods .
22 As we have seen , differences were made regarding the value of male sacrifices as opposed to female ones , the latter only being offered on less important or non-community based occasions .
23 It is important to stress that the Chewong do not conceptualise specifically male characteristics as opposed to female ones .
24 The commitment to assessing needs in a gender-sensitive as opposed to gender-biased way must not be a reason for ignoring the way old women define their roles .
25 London Lesbian and Gay Switchboard , for example , only applied for relatively small equipment grants , as opposed to paid workers , and has continued to flourish independently .
26 I do not wish to argue that one is an act of killing and the other an omission to treat , or that there is active , as opposed to passive , conduct .
27 Nature reserves must be as concerned with pro-active ( as opposed to passive ) management as with fences .
28 Both managers said their style of leadership was authoritarian , where power focuses with the manager as opposed to democratic , where power focuses with the group as a whole .
29 My last question is is really again about making children do things , as opposed to encouraging or helping them to do things .
30 My last question is is really again about making children do things , as opposed to encouraging or helping them to do things .
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