Example sentences of "[noun] [noun] [be] hold to [be] " in BNC.

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1 An architect certifying amounts payable to a contractor under a building contract was held to be in the position of an arbitrator in Stevenson v Watson ( 1879 ) 4 CP 148 and therefore not liable to the contractor , and , by a considerable extension of the same argument , not liable to the employer either in Chambers v Goldthorpe [ 1901 ] 1 KB 624 .
2 Budget maximization is held to be both rational and necessary for survival .
3 ‘ By the Crown Proceedings Act 1947 , the defendants are placed in the same position as the ordinary subjects of the Crown ( see section 21 of the Crown Proceedings Act 1947 ) and I see no reason why they should not in appropriate cases refuse to refund money paid to them voluntarily under a mistake of law , as the revenue authorities were held to be entitled to do in the case of William Whiteley Ltd. v. The King and National Pari-Mutuel Association Ltd. v. The King .
4 ( D.C. 1988 ) , a legal aid application was held to be subject to legal privilege .
5 See D. A. Haddow Ltd. v. < " s " of Glasgow District Licensing Board , 1983 S.L.T. ( Sh.Ct. ) 5 , where refusal to grant a licence on the ground that the grant would disturb the distribution of licences within a limitation area was held to be incompetent .
6 L. , 1976 ) water authorities had a statutory power to make orders imposing charges on persons not connected to mains drainage was held to be ultra vires as the correct state of affairs did not exist as a precondition to the exercise of the power .
7 The costs agreement was held to be valid and enforceable .
8 Lower than expected corporate tax revenues and rising welfare expenditure were held to be accountable for the increased projection .
9 Segmentation based on usage contexts is held to be particularly efficient because it permits product and marketing planning to be based on customer perceptions of what is required of , or desirable in that product .
10 Where , however , regulation to forestall the socially damaging or self-destructive tendencies of the system or to rescue the poor is involved , state action is held to be deeply inadequate and seriously counterproductive .
11 But breaches of the injunction continued and the union officials were held to be in contempt , the union being fined £50,000 with sequestration of assets to follow , if needed .
12 This waiver clause was held to be a genuine stipulation pour autrui .
13 570 an order deciding a preliminary issue of documentary construction was held to be a final order for the purposes of an appeal under the Supreme Court Act 1981 which does not allow an appeal to the Court of Appeal in England without leave from an interlocutory order .
14 English cases are few , but a threat to get back money owing to the accused falls within s.34(2) ( a ) ( i ) : Parkes [ 1973 ] Crim LR 358 ; and a threat by a person suffering from osteoarthritis to a doctor that he would shoot him unless he was given a pain- killing injection was held to be blackmail in Bevans ( 1988 ) 87 Cr App R 64 ( CA ) , a decision which extends blackmail beyond being a property offence .
15 Similar principles were applied in Mannion v Johnston ( 1988 ) STC 758 , heard at the same time , where two separate disposals of less than half the farm land were held to be merely limited changes of scale and not a disposal of part of the business .
16 If the third party act is held to be a novus actus interveniens , then the defendant is not liable for any damage occurring after the act .
17 Motor vehicles and coal-fired power stations are held to be the main offenders .
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