Example sentences of "[noun sg] as [verb] by " in BNC.

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1 At best the idea of action as produced by the following of a rule is an icon or model of the process by which actions are really generated .
2 These distinctions are vitally important : whereas teachers of foreign languages are working with a body of knowledge and skills which is expected to be put to use mainly in employment or during vacations abroad , community language teachers are relating to perceptions of identity , culture , and prejudice as experienced by dynamic sections of the population here in Britain .
3 We recently found a high correlation between luminal lytic activity and in vivo colonic proliferation as determined by lysis of erythrocytes and H-thymidine incorporation , respectively .
4 Asthma was defined as discrete episodes of wheezing and either a previous diagnosis of asthma or documented reversible airway obstruction as determined by a 20% improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV 1 ) after bronchodilator administration or a 20% decrease in FEV 1 after methacholine bronchoprovocation , performed in accordance with the American Thoracic Society guidelines .
5 The government 's objective is to maximize the sum of farmers ' producer surplus r , the dominant firms ' profits and government revenue as given by : where t is the level of the tariff .
6 From somewhere in the back Cecilia could hear that sound she had never been able to identify and had not liked to ask about , a regular screeching as made by a bird in a zoo .
7 The measure was clearly designed to deprive the more popular elements of their vote and was , whatever its purpose , a clear attack on universal suffrage as established by the Constitution .
8 And when the programme as exposed by the discoverer is seen to have been falsified by history , what in Marx was bravery becomes in latter-day Marxism mere bravado .
9 The Moderator will review the assessment programme as submitted by the centre and may :
10 For weaving and punch lace you can in theory have either the left or right light on , though most patterns have been designed with one or more in mind as indicated by the pattern sheets or books concerned .
11 Each song is felt as a miniature music-drama , a perfect summation in notes of the terrors of the heart , the loneliness of the mind as expressed by Rellstab , even more Heine .
12 Therefore , as Ernest Tuveson points out in Imagination as a Means of Grace : ‘ From the nature of mind as described by Locke we could expect a new poetry to be highly visual in nature , for the faculty of sight came to monopolize the analysis of intellectual activity . ’
13 However , as was made clear by the Divisional Court , the release of a life sentence prisoner is solely at my discretion and it is for me to decide , after receiving the Parole Board 's recommendation and after consulting the judiciary as required by section 61(1) of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 , when actual release should take place .
14 ‘ the release of a life sentence prisoner is solely at my discretion and it is for me to decide , after receiving the Parole Board 's recommendation and after consulting the judiciary as required by section 61(1) of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 , when actual release should take place .
15 This book provided a fundamental basis for the conservation movement ( Mumford , 1931 ) , it proved to have a great influence upon the way in which land was visualized and used ( Lowenthal , 1965 ) , and its full title Man and Nature or Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action clearly indicates the direction in which it was pointing .
16 He was a leading figure in social evolution — his second book , on the origin of civilisation as shown by the mental and social condition of savages , was published in 1870 , the year before The Descent of Man by his dear friend Charles Darwin — but he knew better than to talk of evolution in Parliament .
17 In considering whether at this stage it is possible to say that the answer to this question must be ‘ nothing ’ I must assume that the third defendant will be found guilty of conspiracy or fraud as alleged by the plaintiffs and also that the third party will be found to be negligent as regards the plaintiffs in the respects mentioned in the third party notice .
18 If the behaviour patterns of the good citizen as delineated by Home Office ministers were both so lacking and so necessary to cultivate as they suggested , the schools ' function in laying the essential foundations was transparently obvious .
19 As business people and newcomers to the NHS ( apart from one , Sir Brian Bailey , who was Chair of the Health Education Council ) , their views of the shortcomings of NHS management paralleled to a remarkable extent the findings of academic research as summarised by Harrison .
20 In sexual abuse cases where leave is sought for the child to be interviewed by an expert the court may stipulate that all interviews be recorded on video tape as advocated by Douglas Brown J in Rochdale Borough Council v B W , A K and others ( 1991 ) cited above , a wardship case involving allegations of ritual abuse .
21 Therefore , it is important for nurses to be aware of the problems of isolation as experienced by the patient , and to attempt to alleviate them .
22 Further steps towards government openness as announced by Major included the publication of the composition of Cabinet committees on May 19 .
23 Looking back to the initial aims of the study as delineated by the deputy head , he envisaged both short-term and long-term aims .
24 Thus , for example , Smith and Hogan assert : ‘ The basis for the general rule as stated by Hale is plainly fictitious … .
25 However , he considered that , if the three elements within the relaxed exclusionary rule as formulated by Lord Browne-Wilkinson were understood and observed , this could not be the result .
26 The third and final element of the relaxed exclusionary rule as formulated by Lord Browne-Wilkinson is that ‘ the statements relied upon are clear ’ .
27 In Smeaton v. Ilford Corporation Upjohn J. found it unnecessary to express a concluded view on the question whether a local authority exercising statutory duties is altogether outside the rule as suggested by Denning L.J. , or prima facie within the rule subject only to express or implied statutory modification as tentatively suggested by Evershed M.R. in the Pride of Derby case .
28 I mean and I think it is the lack of the regulate the er the regulatory control of city actions , I mean one of the points that we 've been recently been advised on is that one of the city institutions which has already been er fined , er from its London office on a technicality is in effect the New York and London offices are deemed to be one entity and I think that er what we 've been advised is that erm I forget the phrase , I wrote it down here somewhere , that what we would be advised to do is to take action against that particular city institution in New York , because that er it is deemed that the London and New York actions are in fact one and that the that er what in fact the er and I think the f yes , there it is , that , that in a way though what we 've been advised is that the basis of that action would be that the organisations London and New York operations are essentially the same operation and bound by a strict know your customer rule as mandated by U S Securities Law , you know .
29 The specialised histological type is associated with a higher rate of cell turnover as shown by thymidine labelling and a higher proportion of cells in cycle ( by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunolocalisation ) than junctional and fundic types .
30 The notion of the social division of labour as employed by these writers will , however , be reconstructed below under the name of division of labour by strata .
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