Example sentences of "this [vb -s] [be] [vb pp] by [adj] " in BNC.

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1 This has been caused by infected suburban foxes from the east ( where until last month there was no vaccination programme ) finding their way into the city centre and crossing what was once the border into West Berlin .
2 The birds ' filters enhance their sensitivity to red , and this has been exploited by other creatures .
3 The decline of British manufacturing industry has had a devastating impact on the inner cities where such a large proportion of the black population live and this has been exacerbated by racial discrimination by employers to yield high levels of black youth unemployment ( Martin and Rowthorn , 1986 ; Newnham , 1986 ) .
4 This has been funded by Scottish Enterprise through the Glasgow Development Agency .
5 ( Like many new proteins this has been discovered by different groups , which have given it different names . )
6 This has been achieved by due consideration of the surrounding community whenever new development projects are considered and by planned maintenance of existing plant and machinery .
7 This has been confirmed by direct measurement of ascitic plasminogen activating activity and has led to speculation that an infusion of plasminogen activators could stimulate a coagulopathy mediated by primary fibrinolysis .
8 This has been reinforced by recent changes in international migration , in particular involving a major surge in net inward movement to the South East in the first half of the 1980s .
9 This has been stressed by new Minister of Agriculture Gillian Shephard in her first speech since taking up her new job in the Cabinet .
10 This has been stressed by new Minister of Agriculture Gillian Shephard in her first speech since taking up her new job in the Cabinet .
11 Much of this has been financed by Kuwaiti money and has created the kind of visual damage to the city centre the Germans inflicted during the war .
12 In the past this has been provided by local authority residential homes ( or private equivalents ) and long stay NHS beds , depending on the independence of the person concerned .
13 This has been adapted by numerous local planning authorities , many of whom have produced their own leaflets laying down specific guidelines and illustrating examples of good and bad practice .
14 Hawkins has produced the Online information retrieval bibliography , 1964–1979 and this has been supplemented by annual updates , which include a section ‘ user education and training ’ .
15 This has been underlined by recent proposed UK Budget changes which have abolished tax reliefs for UK exploration and development .
16 This has been suggested by male authors who wish to support the cause of women , and by many a Christian feminist .
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