| No | Pattern | Freq | Relations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | without [v-ing] to be | 44 |
|
| 2 | without having to [be] | 16 |
|
| 3 | without needing to [be] | 8 |
|
| 4 | without waiting to [be] | 8 |
|
| 5 | without ceasing to [be] | 5 |
|
