| No | Pattern | Freq | Relations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | by [v-ing] [pron] [noun] [Wh det] | 8 |
|
| 2 | by [v-ing] [pron] [noun] which | 6 |
|
| 3 | by [v-ing] [pos pn] [noun] [Wh det] | 5 |
|
| 4 | by [v-ing] [pron] [noun sg] [Wh det] | 5 |
|
