| No | Pattern | Freq | Relations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | by [v-ing] [prep] [noun] [verb] [prep] | 14 |
|
| 2 | by [v-ing] [prep] [noun pl] [verb] [prep] | 11 |
|
| 3 | by [v-ing] [prep] [noun] [vb pp] [prep] | 8 |
|
| 4 | by [v-ing] to [noun] [verb] [prep] | 7 |
|
